On sait qu'à long terme les russes souhaitent développer une fusée super lourde leur permettant des missions lunaires et au-delà.
En gros ils prévoient une première phase de développement pour une fusée d'une capacité de 70-80 T en orbite basse, puis dans une seconde phase cette capacité serait doublée.
La première phase devrait prmettre la mise-au-point d'une fusée opérationnelle pour 2025.
Selon des informations Roscosmos va demander à l'Etat des fonds dès 2016. Il s'agirait de demander 214 billions de roubles.
Difficile de dire si le gouvernement accédera à cette demande, tant les projets russes sont nombreux au regard des possibilités de l'économie russe: dans les prochaines années il s'agit quand même de financer le nouveau cosmodrome de Vostochny, son pad soyouz en construction, dès la fin de l'année le début de la construction du pad Angara à ce même cosmodrome, le développement du PTS le futur vaisseau habité russe, la mise à jour de l'Angara pour la qualifier pour des lancements habités, les missions lunaires russes, de nouveaux satellites scientifiques, et surtout de nouveaux satellites d'observation de la terre et de communications, très chers aux yeux des dirigeants russes qui veulent que l'espace serve la société et son économie...
Le développement d'une fusée super lourde exigera des développements dans les domaines suivants:
- un moteur oxygène/méthane pour le premier étage
- un moteur oxygène/hydrogène pour l'étage d'injection.
Si les russes ne partent pas de rien dans le second cas (moteur RD-0120?), la technologie méthane/oxygène est nouvelle et les ingénieurs russes n'en sont qu'au stade expérimental.
Roskosmos asked for 214 billion rubles for the super-heavy launch
It is expected that the first phase of the carrier will be able to output to the lunar orbit 80-100 tons of various cargoes
Roskosmos asked for 214 billion rubles for the super-heavy launch
Roscosmos offers start creating rocket superheavy for missions to the Moon as early as 2016, to self defense system was ready by about 2030, and when the planned expedition to the Moon. At the first stage of the Federal Space Agency requesting $ 214.6 billion rubles, this amount is spelled out in the draft Federal Space Program (FCP) in the 2016-2025 period. According to a senior source in the Russian Space Agency, the total cost of the creation of the missile complex super-heavy class at the Baikonur East is close to $ 500 billion as at 2025-2030 years, ie the period following the PCF already account for the complex phase of the "iron" and flight tests .
As stated in the draft of the PCF on the 2016-2025 years, 214.6 billion rubles requested Roscosmos, will go to the creation of oxygen-hydrocarbon (ie, natural gas), the main engines for the first stage of the launch vehicle; the creation of an oxygen-hydrogen engine for the second stage of the rocket; the creation of an oxygen-hydrogen multiengine installation of bulky booster, as well as most of the block.
Missile system superheavy Roskosmos plans to develop in two phases: in 2028-2030 he created a vehicle carrying capacity of 80-100 tons into low Earth orbit. Rocket with these parameters will give an opportunity to send a crew to a new manned transport spacecraft (PTC, its creation has already engaged in RSC "Energia"), to the moon, but without landing on the Moon itself. This is an intermediate goal, as recently voiced by the leaders of the state is much more ambitious: until the construction of the landfill on the moon for mining. The expedition to the Moon with the landing of man on its surface has been planned for after 2030 - it needs to send to the moon not only PTC, but the lunar runway complex, the creation of which is also spelled out in the draft of the PCF. Take-off weight of the lunar takeoff and landing complex will be approximately the same as that of the PTC - about 20-25 m. To send them to the moon in a bundle, you need to be a rocket carrying capacity of 160-180 tons, according to the authors of the project of the PCF.
Missiles such carrying capacity humanity has not yet created. For comparison, an American corporation created now Boeing newest missile system superheavy SLS focused on output of 70 tonnes in the future design of the carrier will increase the load capacity of up to 130 m (the cost of creating SLS about $ 35 billion).
The most powerful rocket in history is still Saturn-5 Wernher von Braun, which could lead to low-Earth orbit 141 tons of cargo. Saturn-5 was created specifically for the implementation of the American lunar missions.
Interlocutor "Izvestia" Roskosmos admits that in the present circumstances of the budget items are the most ambitious project of PCF on the years 2016-2025 can be deleted at the insistence of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. But then lose their meaning and all the other ambitious projects of Russian space exploration, one way or another connected with the moon: new PTC, a lunar base (ground), the lunar runway complex.
- If all this is just to strike, citing lack of money, then the question arises, why did we build a new spaceport East? - Says the source. - The idea of creating a new cosmodrome was submitted to the president is in the context of an ambitious space plan. And it was about the Moon, Mars and about. The logic was that for the next steps in space, we need to create a huge amount of infrastructure. And the best - on its territory, rather than in Kazakhstan. If the creation of this infrastructure will be delayed, then the solution of current problems, we quite enough Baikonur. East in this case - a pointless luxury.
According to a member of the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Tsiolkovsky Andrew Ioannina, lunar project can be realized only within the framework of an international consortium and with the involvement of private capital.
- Such projects should be aimed at solving problems clear, and there are not. Neither Russia nor the United States today there are no problems on the moon. In the last century impetus to solving the conquest of the moon was the desire of the superpowers to outdo each other. The entire lunar program will cost $ 200-300 billion, and I do not think that now any country can not afford such expenses alone. We can only talk about the formation of a broad international consortium.
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